These Terms of Service ("Terms") govern access to and use of IAT Search, available at admintribunals.com ("the Service"), operated by Mariano Fernando Iguera ("the Operator"). By creating an account or using the Service, you agree to these Terms in their entirety. If you do not agree, you must not use the Service.
1. Description of Service
IAT Search is a legal research platform providing access to a curated database of judgments issued by international administrative tribunals, together with AI-assisted search and analysis tools powered by large language models. The Service is designed to support legal research by professionals in the field of international organizations law.
1.bis Beta Phase — Experimental Service
By accepting an invitation to the beta and registering for an account, you expressly acknowledge and accept that:
- Free of charge. Access to the Service during the beta phase is provided gratuitously. The Operator does not charge any subscription, licence, or per-use fee for beta access. Sections 8 (Subscriptions and Payment) and the related provisions on pricing and renewal do not apply to beta accounts and are reserved for the future commercial phase of the Service.
- Experimental nature. The Service is provided as a test and evaluation environment. Features, scope, performance, accuracy of search and AI outputs, user interface, and any other aspect of the Service may change, be reduced, or be removed at any time, without prior notice and without compensation. Functionality observed during the beta is not promised, warranted, or guaranteed for any future version.
- No guarantee of continuity. The Operator gives no commitment as to the duration of the beta phase, the date on which the Service will exit beta, the conditions under which it will exit beta, or whether a future commercial version will be offered at all. The Operator may suspend, restrict, or permanently terminate the Service or any individual beta account at any time, in whole or in part, with or without prior notice and without liability.
- No acquired rights. Beta access does not create any expectation, entitlement, or vested right to: continued access; preservation of features; preservation of pricing or pricing models that may exist in any later commercial phase; migration of data, accounts, query history, saved judgments, or other user-generated content to any later version of the Service or to any successor service; or to receive any free, discounted, or grandfathered access to any later commercial version.
- Use of beta data for service improvement. Personal data and usage data processed during the beta phase may be used by the Operator, in addition to the purposes described in Section 9, for the broader purpose of testing, debugging, evaluating, and improving the Service. This includes, without limitation: analysis of query content and AI-generated responses (in pseudonymized form where feasible); identification of bugs, errors, and edge cases; refinement of search and ranking algorithms, AI prompts, and classification logic; and aggregation of usage statistics to inform product decisions. The legal basis for this processing is the Operator's legitimate interest in developing the Service (Art. 6(1)(f) GDPR), as further described in the Privacy Policy. Your right to object to legitimate-interest processing (Art. 21 GDPR) remains exercisable at any time and is described in Section 9.3.
- Feedback. Any feedback, bug reports, suggestions, or proposals you submit during the beta phase may be used by the Operator without restriction or compensation, including for purposes of product development. You retain no proprietary right in such feedback.
- Beta-specific limitation of liability. Without prejudice to the general limitations set out in Section 12, during the beta phase the Operator's aggregate liability to any beta user is limited to EUR 0, save for liability that cannot be excluded under mandatory applicable law (including death, personal injury, or fraud caused by the Operator's gross negligence or wilful misconduct). The Operator is in particular not liable for any loss, expense, or damage arising from interruption, modification, or termination of the beta, loss of data, or reliance on Service outputs.
This Section 1.bis will be removed or substantially revised when the Service exits the beta phase. At that point, the conditions of any commercial version (including any migration path for then-current beta users) will be communicated separately, and continued use of the Service will be subject to the updated Terms.
For the avoidance of doubt, Section 6.2 (Reasonable Use of AI Capabilities) applies to beta accounts on the same terms as to paid subscriptions.
2. Eligibility
The Service is designed for professional use and operates as a business-to-business (B2B) service. It is intended for lawyers, legal researchers, and other practitioners acting in the exercise of their trade, business, or profession in the field of international administrative law. By registering, you represent that you are accessing the Service in a professional capacity and not as a consumer.
You must be at least 18 years of age to register. During the current phase of operations, access is by invitation only; registration requests are subject to approval by the Operator. Where mandatory consumer protection rules of your jurisdiction apply notwithstanding the professional nature of your use, those rules are not excluded by these Terms.
3. Account Registration and Security
You are responsible for providing accurate registration information and for maintaining the confidentiality of your account credentials. You may not share your account with third parties or allow concurrent access by more than one individual. The Service enforces a single-session policy: each login invalidates any prior session associated with the account. You must notify the Operator immediately of any unauthorized access to your account.
4. Permitted Uses
Subject to these Terms, the Operator grants you a personal, non-exclusive, non-transferable, revocable licence to access and use the Service for legal research, professional study, and academic purposes. Permitted uses include:
- Searching and reading tribunal judgments and orders.
- Using the AI analysis tools to assist in legal research.
- Saving and organizing judgments within your account.
- Using the Brief Accuracy Check feature to verify citations in legal documents.
- Downloading or printing individual judgments for personal professional use.
5. Prohibited Uses
You may not use the Service to:
- Scrape, harvest, or systematically download content from the database by automated means without prior written authorization.
- Redistribute, sublicense, or resell access to the Service or its content.
- Represent AI-generated analyses as independent legal research, expert opinion, or legal advice to third parties without appropriate disclosure of their AI-generated nature.
- Attempt to circumvent access controls, quota limits, or authentication mechanisms.
- Use the Service for any unlawful purpose or in violation of applicable professional ethics rules.
- Engage in any activity that disrupts or places an unreasonable load on the Service's infrastructure.
6. AI-Generated Content and Confidential Data
AI analyses are generated using Claude, a large language model developed by Anthropic, PBC (United States). The text of your queries and the relevant judgment excerpts retrieved by the search engine are transmitted to the Anthropic API to produce responses. This transmission involves a transfer of data outside the European Economic Area, carried out under appropriate safeguards (Standard Contractual Clauses). By using the AI analysis features, you acknowledge and accept this processing and transfer. Full details are set out in the Privacy Policy.
AI-generated content may contain errors, omissions, or inaccuracies. The AI may misstate holdings, conflate arguments of the parties with tribunal findings, or fail to identify relevant adverse precedents. All AI outputs must be independently verified before reliance. The Operator accepts no liability for losses arising from reliance on AI-generated content without independent verification.
6.1 Obligation regarding confidential and personal data
You shall not submit to the Service personal data of identifiable individuals, privileged client communications, or commercially sensitive information, except to the extent strictly and demonstrably necessary for a specific research task. This is a contractual obligation, not merely an advisory. You acknowledge that query text is transmitted to a third-party AI provider outside the EEA and accept full responsibility for any breach of this obligation. You shall indemnify and hold the Operator harmless from any claim, liability, fine, or cost arising from your submission of data in violation of this clause, including claims brought by third parties or by supervisory authorities under the GDPR.
6.2 Reasonable Use of AI Capabilities
The AI capabilities of the Service — including, without limitation, the AI legal analysis ("RAG"), the Brief Accuracy Check, the Doctrinal Timeline, the cross-tribunal "Other Tribunals" suggestion, and AI-generated summaries — are implemented through API calls to Anthropic, PBC. Each AI call entails a per-call cost that is charged to the Operator and varies depending on factors including the length and number of judgments retrieved (which differs significantly between tribunals), the complexity of the query, and the length of the AI-generated response. Even within plans that offer unlimited use of these AI capabilities, the economic sustainability of the Service presupposes a use that is consistent with professional legal research conducted at human pace.
By using the Service, you acknowledge that you are aware of this cost structure and you undertake to use the AI capabilities in a manner that is reasonable, professional, and free from automation or mass-extraction patterns. The fact that a plan does not impose a fixed numerical quota on a given AI feature does not entitle you to use it in a manner inconsistent with the principles set out in this Section 6.2.
Indicators of unreasonable use. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the following patterns will be considered indicators of unreasonable use:
- Use of automated tools, scripts, headless browsers, or any other non-human means to submit queries or interact with the Service.
- Volume of AI calls substantially exceeding the 95th percentile of usage observed in the user's plan cohort over a sustained period.
- Submission of duplicate queries or trivial variations of the same query in a manner inconsistent with bona fide research.
- Any conduct apparently directed at extracting AI-generated outputs for use outside the Service, including the training of third-party models, redistribution, or republication.
- Sharing of access credentials with third parties or concurrent use of a single account from multiple sources.
- Any attempt to circumvent technical rate limits, quota enforcement mechanisms, or this Section 6.2.
Decline to renew (monthly subscriptions). Subscriptions billed on a monthly cycle constitute a series of one-month contractual periods that renew automatically. Either party may decline to renew the subscription at the end of any monthly period, by notice given before the next renewal date. The Operator may exercise this right for any reason, including the economic consideration that a particular user's consumption of AI capabilities is incompatible with the sustainability of the Service. Where the Operator declines to renew, the user retains access to the Service until the end of the current paid period; no refund is due, as the paid period is not being interrupted. The exercise of this right does not constitute a determination that the user has breached these Terms and does not require the Operator to invoke the procedure described below.
Termination for unreasonable use (annual subscriptions and flagrant cases). Where the Operator identifies indicators of unreasonable use as described above and a decline-to-renew is not available or appropriate — in particular, in the case of annual subscriptions or where ongoing harm is significant — the following procedure applies: (i) the Operator notifies the user by email, describing the conduct considered unreasonable; (ii) the user is given a period of 14 days from the date of the notice to bring usage back within reasonable bounds; (iii) if the unreasonable use persists after the cure period, the Operator may suspend or terminate the subscription; and (iv) in case of termination, the Operator refunds, on a pro-rata basis, the prepaid period not consumed.
By way of exception, where the Operator has reasonable evidence of automated abuse, fraud, or any conduct of comparable gravity, the Operator may suspend the account immediately without prior notice. In such cases, any refund of the prepaid period not consumed is at the Operator's sole discretion, taking into account in particular the operating costs already incurred as a result of the abuse.
Application. This Section 6.2 applies to all subscription tiers and access modes, including the Standard, Professional, and Premium plans as well as any trial or beta access granted under Section 1.bis or otherwise. In plans where a fixed numerical quota applies to a given AI feature (for example, RAG queries on the Standard or Professional plans), that quota acts as a parallel ceiling but does not exclude the application of this Section to AI features for which no numerical quota is set.
7. Intellectual Property and Database Coverage
The judgments and decisions available through the Service are generally publicly accessible official documents of international organizations. No copyright is asserted over their text by the Operator. However, certain documents may be subject to database rights, access restrictions, or reuse conditions imposed by their originating organizations; users are responsible for verifying applicable terms before reproducing or citing materials in formal proceedings.
The Service itself — including its search infrastructure, AI integration, database design, interface, and all original content produced by the Operator — is the intellectual property of Mariano Fernando Iguera. You may not reproduce, modify, distribute, or create derivative works based on the Service without prior written authorization.
7.1 Non-exhaustiveness of the database
The database does not purport to be an exhaustive or complete repository of all judgments issued by the covered tribunals. Coverage may be incomplete, may contain transcription errors inherited from source documents, and may not reflect the most recent decisions. The Operator does not warrant that a search returning no results means that no relevant judgment exists. Users conducting comprehensive legal research must independently verify coverage against official tribunal sources.
8. Subscriptions and Payment
8.1 Plans available
Access to the Service is offered under three subscription tiers — Standard, Professional, and Premium — billed monthly or annually. The features included in each tier, the applicable usage quotas, and the current price are displayed on the subscription page within the Service. Prices are stated in euros (EUR), exclusive of VAT or sales tax, which is added at checkout according to the rules described in Section 8.2.
8.2 Merchant of Record
All subscription billing, invoicing, and payment processing is handled by Paddle.com Market Limited ("Paddle"), which acts as the Merchant of Record for every transaction. As a result, Paddle — not the Operator — is the legal seller of the subscription to you. In particular:
- Paddle issues the invoice for each transaction in its own name.
- Paddle calculates, collects, and remits any value-added tax, sales tax, or equivalent indirect tax applicable in your country of residence.
- Paddle is the counterparty for payment disputes, chargebacks, and refund processing, in accordance with Paddle's own Buyer Terms and Privacy Policy, which govern the payment relationship between you and Paddle.
- The Operator does not collect, process, or store any payment card details.
By subscribing, you authorize Paddle to charge the applicable subscription fee to your chosen payment method on a recurring basis (monthly or annual, depending on the cycle you select), until you cancel.
8.3 Renewal, cancellation, and refunds
Subscriptions renew automatically at the end of each billing cycle. You may cancel at any time from the subscription management page within the Service or directly from the receipt link sent by Paddle; cancellation takes effect at the end of the current paid period, and access to paid features continues until that date.
Refunds for partial billing periods already consumed are not provided, save where required by mandatory consumer protection law of your country of habitual residence. Refund requests are processed by Paddle in accordance with its Buyer Terms; the Operator may, at its discretion, instruct Paddle to issue a refund for service-quality reasons.
The Operator reserves the right to modify pricing with at least 30 days' notice to existing subscribers, communicated by email. Continued use of the Service after a price change takes effect constitutes acceptance of the new price; if you do not accept it, you may cancel before the change takes effect. The Operator may terminate or suspend a subscription for breach of these Terms, in which case any unused prepaid period will be refunded on a pro-rata basis through Paddle.
8.4 Trials and beta access
The Operator may, at its discretion, grant time-limited free access to the Service under a trial or beta plan. Trial and beta accounts are subject to the same Terms as paid subscriptions, except that no payment is due during the trial or beta period. Access automatically expires at the end of the period unless the user converts to a paid subscription. The Operator reserves the right to modify or terminate trial and beta programmes at any time without prior notice.
9. Data Use for Service Improvement
In addition to processing necessary for the performance of the contract (as described in the Privacy Policy), the Operator processes the following data on the basis of legitimate interest (Art. 6(1)(f) GDPR) for the purpose of improving the Service, detecting misuse, and developing new features:
- Aggregated and pseudonymized query patterns — to analyze which tribunals, topics, and query types are most used, for the purpose of prioritizing development and improving search relevance.
- Usage statistics — feature usage frequency, response times, and error rates, to monitor performance and user experience.
- Internal quality review — a sample of AI-generated responses may be reviewed by the Operator in pseudonymized form where feasible, or otherwise processed with strict minimization safeguards, to assess accuracy and relevance. This review is for internal quality assurance only and does not involve disclosure to third parties. Query content reviewed for quality purposes is retained for a maximum of 12 months from the date of the query, after which it is permanently deleted or irreversibly aggregated.
9.1 Balancing assessment
The Operator has assessed that its legitimate interest in service improvement is not overridden by users' interests or fundamental rights, on the following basis: (a) processing is limited to pseudonymized or aggregated data; (b) it does not affect material decisions or produce legal effects for users; (c) users have a genuine and exercisable right to object; and (d) the processing is reasonably expected by users of a professional AI-assisted legal research service.
9.2 Exclusion of external training use
User query data transmitted to the Anthropic API is processed under Anthropic's API usage policy, which by default excludes the use of API inputs to train Anthropic's models. The Operator does not independently use user query content to train, fine-tune, or improve any AI model operated by a third party.
9.3 Right to object
You may object to processing based on legitimate interest at any time by sending a written request to support@admintribunals.com with the subject line "Objection to legitimate interest processing". The Operator will cease processing your data for these purposes within 30 days of receiving your request, unless compelling legitimate grounds exist that override your interests. Objection to this processing does not affect your ability to continue using the Service.
10. Availability, Suspension, and Modifications
The Operator will endeavour to maintain the Service in continuous operation but does not guarantee uninterrupted availability. Scheduled maintenance, infrastructure outages, or force majeure events may cause temporary unavailability. The Operator is not liable for any loss resulting from Service downtime.
The Operator reserves the right to suspend or terminate access to the Service, with immediate effect and without prior notice, in the following circumstances: (a) actual or reasonably suspected breach of these Terms; (b) conduct that poses a security risk to the Service or to other users; (c) requirement to comply with a legal obligation or order of a competent authority; or (d) non-payment of subscription fees following a grace period of 7 days. Where suspension is precautionary pending investigation, the Operator will notify the user by email as soon as reasonably practicable.
The provisions of Section 6.2 (Reasonable Use of AI Capabilities) apply additionally and independently of this Section 10 in respect of conduct identified as unreasonable use of the AI capabilities of the Service, including the Operator's right to decline to renew monthly subscriptions and to terminate annual subscriptions for unreasonable use following the procedure set out in that Section.
The Operator reserves the right to modify or discontinue any feature of the Service at any time. In the event of permanent discontinuation of the Service, registered users will be given at least 30 days' notice by email.
11. No Warranties
The Service is provided "as is" and "as available", without warranty of any kind, express or implied. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the Operator expressly disclaims all warranties, including but not limited to:
- warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement;
- warranties that the Service will meet your specific professional or research requirements;
- warranties as to the accuracy, completeness, currency, or reliability of any search result, AI-generated analysis, judgment text, or other content accessible through the Service;
- warranties that the database contains all judgments issued by the covered tribunals or that its coverage is free from omissions or errors.
Use of the Service for any purpose that requires complete, authoritative, or exhaustive coverage of tribunal jurisprudence — including proceedings before courts, tribunals, or regulatory bodies — is at the user's sole risk. The Operator strongly recommends independent verification against official tribunal sources in all such contexts.
12. Limitation of Liability
To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the Operator's aggregate liability to any user arising out of or in connection with the use of the Service shall not exceed the total subscription fees paid by that user in the twelve months preceding the event giving rise to the claim.
The Operator is not liable for: (a) any indirect, incidental, or consequential loss; (b) any professional, financial, or reputational damage arising from reliance on AI-generated content or search results; (c) loss of data attributable to the user; or (d) acts or omissions of third-party providers including Anthropic, Paddle, Resend, Google, and LinkedIn.
Nothing in these Terms limits liability for death, personal injury, or fraud caused by the Operator's gross negligence or wilful misconduct.
13. Governing Law and Jurisdiction
These Terms are governed by Italian law. Any dispute arising out of or in connection with the Service that cannot be resolved amicably shall be submitted to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Courts of Trieste, Italy, except where mandatory consumer protection rules of your country of habitual residence confer jurisdiction on your local courts.
14. Changes to These Terms
The Operator may update these Terms from time to time. Material changes will be communicated to registered users by email at least 14 days before taking effect. The current version and its effective date are indicated at the top of this page. Continued use of the Service after the effective date constitutes acceptance of the updated Terms.
15. Contact
Email: support@admintribunals.com
A postal address can be provided on written request from users or competent authorities.