IAT Search — Terms of Service

Effective date: 2 July 2026  ·  Last updated: 17 August 2026  ·  Version 2.2

These Terms of Service ("Terms") govern access to and use of IAT Search, available at admintribunals.com ("the Service"), operated by INDEX RERUM S.R.L. SEMPLIFICATA UNIPERSONALE, a società a responsabilità limitata semplificata with a sole quotaholder (società a socio unico) incorporated under the laws of Italy, with registered office at Via del Pucino 61, 34151 Trieste, Italy (VAT no. 01453040329, registered with the Trieste Companies Register under REA no. TS 218152) ("the Operator"). By creating an account or using the Service, you agree to these Terms in their entirety. If you do not agree, you must not use the Service.

1. Description of Service

IAT Search is a legal research platform providing access to a curated database of judgments issued by international administrative tribunals, together with AI-assisted search and analysis tools powered by large language models. The Service is designed to support legal research by professionals in the field of international organizations law.

2. Eligibility

The Service is designed for professional use and operates as a business-to-business (B2B) service. It is intended for lawyers, legal researchers, and other practitioners acting in the exercise of their trade, business, or profession in the field of international administrative law. By registering, you represent that you are accessing the Service in a professional capacity and not as a consumer.

You must be at least 18 years of age to register. During the current phase of operations, access is by invitation only; registration requests are subject to approval by the Operator. Where mandatory consumer protection rules of your jurisdiction apply notwithstanding the professional nature of your use, those rules are not excluded by these Terms.

3. Account Registration and Security

You are responsible for providing accurate registration information and for maintaining the confidentiality of your account credentials. You may not share your account with third parties or allow concurrent access by more than one individual. The Service enforces a single-session policy: each login invalidates any prior session associated with the account. You must notify the Operator immediately of any unauthorized access to your account.

4. Permitted Uses

Subject to these Terms, the Operator grants you a personal, non-exclusive, non-transferable, revocable licence to access and use the Service for legal research, professional study, and academic purposes. Permitted uses include:

• Searching and reading tribunal judgments and orders.
• Using the AI analysis tools to assist in legal research.
• Saving and organizing judgments within your account.
• Using the Brief Accuracy Check feature to verify citations in legal documents.
• Downloading or printing individual judgments for personal professional use.

5. Prohibited Uses

You may not use the Service to:

• Scrape, harvest, or systematically download content from the database by automated means without prior written authorization.
• Redistribute, sublicense, or resell access to the Service or its content.
• Represent AI-generated analyses as independent legal research, expert opinion, or legal advice to third parties without appropriate disclosure of their AI-generated nature.
• Attempt to circumvent access controls, quota limits, or authentication mechanisms.
• Use the Service for any unlawful purpose or in violation of applicable professional ethics rules.
• Engage in any activity that disrupts or places an unreasonable load on the Service's infrastructure.

6. AI-Generated Content and Confidential Data

AI analyses are generated using Claude, a large language model developed by Anthropic, PBC (United States). The text of your queries and the relevant judgment excerpts retrieved by the search engine are transmitted to the Anthropic API to produce responses. This transmission involves a transfer of data outside the European Economic Area, carried out under appropriate safeguards (Standard Contractual Clauses). By using the AI analysis features, you acknowledge and accept this processing and transfer. Full details are set out in the Privacy Policy.

AI-generated content may contain errors, omissions, or inaccuracies. The AI may misstate holdings, conflate arguments of the parties with tribunal findings, or fail to identify relevant adverse precedents. All AI outputs must be independently verified before reliance. The Operator accepts no liability for losses arising from reliance on AI-generated content without independent verification.

6.1 Obligation regarding confidential and personal data

You shall not submit to the Service personal data of identifiable individuals, privileged client communications, or commercially sensitive information, except to the extent strictly and demonstrably necessary for a specific research task. This is a contractual obligation, not merely an advisory. You acknowledge that query text is transmitted to a third-party AI provider outside the EEA and accept full responsibility for any breach of this obligation. You shall indemnify and hold the Operator harmless from any claim, liability, fine, or cost arising from your submission of data in violation of this clause, including claims brought by third parties or by supervisory authorities under the GDPR.

6.2 Reasonable Use of AI Capabilities

The AI capabilities of the Service — including, without limitation, the AI legal analysis ("RAG"), the Brief Accuracy Check, the Doctrinal Timeline, the cross-tribunal "Other Tribunals" suggestion, and AI-generated summaries — are implemented through API calls to Anthropic, PBC. Each AI call entails a per-call cost that is charged to the Operator and varies depending on factors including the length and number of judgments retrieved (which differs significantly between tribunals), the complexity of the query, and the length of the AI-generated response. Even within plans that offer unlimited use of these AI capabilities, the economic sustainability of the Service presupposes a use that is consistent with professional legal research conducted at human pace.

By using the Service, you acknowledge that you are aware of this cost structure and you undertake to use the AI capabilities in a manner that is reasonable, professional, and free from automation or mass-extraction patterns. The fact that a plan does not impose a fixed numerical quota on a given AI feature does not entitle you to use it in a manner inconsistent with the principles set out in this Section 6.2.

Indicators of unreasonable use. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the following patterns will be considered indicators of unreasonable use:

• Use of automated tools, scripts, headless browsers, or any other non-human means to submit queries or interact with the Service.
• Volume of AI calls substantially exceeding the 95th percentile of usage observed in the user's plan cohort over a sustained period.
• Submission of duplicate queries or trivial variations of the same query in a manner inconsistent with bona fide research.
• Any conduct apparently directed at extracting AI-generated outputs for use outside the Service, including the training of third-party models, redistribution, or republication.
• Sharing of access credentials with third parties or concurrent use of a single account from multiple sources.
• Any attempt to circumvent technical rate limits, quota enforcement mechanisms, or this Section 6.2.

Decline to renew (monthly subscriptions). Subscriptions billed on a monthly cycle constitute a series of one-month contractual periods that renew automatically. Either party may decline to renew the subscription at the end of any monthly period, by notice given before the next renewal date. The Operator may exercise this right for any reason, including the economic consideration that a particular user's consumption of AI capabilities is incompatible with the sustainability of the Service. Where the Operator declines to renew, the user retains access to the Service until the end of the current paid period; no refund is due, as the paid period is not being interrupted. The exercise of this right does not constitute a determination that the user has breached these Terms and does not require the Operator to invoke the procedure described below.

Termination for unreasonable use (annual subscriptions and flagrant cases). Where the Operator identifies indicators of unreasonable use as described above and a decline-to-renew is not available or appropriate — in particular, in the case of annual subscriptions or where ongoing harm is significant — the following procedure applies: (i) the Operator notifies the user by email, describing the conduct considered unreasonable; (ii) the user is given a period of 14 days from the date of the notice to bring usage back within reasonable bounds; (iii) if the unreasonable use persists after the cure period, the Operator may suspend or terminate the subscription; and (iv) in case of termination, the Operator refunds, on a pro-rata basis, the prepaid period not consumed.

By way of exception, where the Operator has reasonable evidence of automated abuse, fraud, or any conduct of comparable gravity, the Operator may suspend the account immediately without prior notice. In such cases, any refund of the prepaid period not consumed is at the Operator's sole discretion, taking into account in particular the operating costs already incurred as a result of the abuse.

Application. This Section 6.2 applies to all subscription tiers and access modes, including the Standard, Professional, and Premium plans as well as any trial access. On the Standard and Professional plans, the per-feature numerical quotas act as the primary ceiling. On the Premium plan, the monthly usage allowance and the credit mechanism described in Section 8.3 are the primary means by which processing cost is managed; this Section 6.2 applies in addition, in particular to automated, fraudulent, or mass-extraction patterns that no allowance or quota is intended to accommodate.

7. Intellectual Property and Database Coverage

The judgments and decisions available through the Service are generally publicly accessible official documents of international organizations. No copyright is asserted over their text by the Operator. However, certain documents may be subject to database rights, access restrictions, or reuse conditions imposed by their originating organizations; users are responsible for verifying applicable terms before reproducing or citing materials in formal proceedings.

The Service itself — including its search infrastructure, AI integration, database design, interface, and all original content produced by the Operator — is the intellectual property of INDEX RERUM S.R.L. SEMPLIFICATA UNIPERSONALE. You may not reproduce, modify, distribute, or create derivative works based on the Service without prior written authorization.

7.1 Non-exhaustiveness of the database

The database does not purport to be an exhaustive or complete repository of all judgments issued by the covered tribunals. Coverage may be incomplete, may contain transcription errors inherited from source documents, and may not reflect the most recent decisions. The Operator does not warrant that a search returning no results means that no relevant judgment exists. Users conducting comprehensive legal research must independently verify coverage against official tribunal sources.

8. Subscriptions and Payment

8.1 Plans available

Access to the Service is offered under three subscription tiers — Standard, Professional, and Premium — billed monthly or annually. The features included in each tier, the applicable usage quotas, and the current price are displayed on the subscription page within the Service. Prices are stated in euros (EUR). Depending on your country of residence, the applicable VAT, sales tax or equivalent indirect tax is either comprised in the price displayed or added at checkout, in accordance with the price-display rules of that country; the total payable is shown before payment is confirmed, and is collected as described in Section 8.2.

The Standard and Professional plans include defined monthly quotas for the AI features available on each plan (such as a set number of AI legal-analysis queries, Brief Accuracy Checks, doctrinal timelines, or AI-generated summaries per month, as listed on the subscription page). Once the quota for a given feature is reached within a billing cycle, that feature becomes unavailable until the next cycle. The Premium plan provides unlimited research within a monthly usage allowance: it imposes no fixed numerical limit on the number of AI operations, but use of the AI capabilities is subject to a monthly allowance measured by the underlying processing cost, as described in Section 8.3.

8.2 Merchant of Record

All subscription billing, credit-pack purchases, invoicing, and payment processing are handled by Paddle.com Market Limited ("Paddle"), which acts as the Merchant of Record for every transaction. As a result, Paddle — not the Operator — is the legal seller of the subscription or credit pack to you. In particular:

• Paddle issues the invoice for each transaction in its own name.
• Paddle calculates, collects, and remits any value-added tax, sales tax, or equivalent indirect tax applicable in your country of residence.
• Paddle is the counterparty for payment disputes, chargebacks, and refund processing, in accordance with Paddle's own Buyer Terms and Privacy Policy, which govern the payment relationship between you and Paddle.
• The Operator does not collect, process, or store any payment card details.

By subscribing, you authorize Paddle to charge the applicable subscription fee to your chosen payment method on a recurring basis (monthly or annual, depending on the cycle you select), until you cancel. Purchases of credit packs (Section 8.3) are one-time charges authorized by you at the moment of each purchase.

8.3 Premium monthly allowance and credits

The AI capabilities of the Service rely on paid third-party processing whose cost to the Operator varies with each operation (see Section 6.2). For this reason, the unlimited use offered on the Premium plan operates within a monthly usage allowance measured by that underlying processing cost rather than by a count of queries. The allowance resets on each monthly anniversary of the activation of your subscription; unused allowance does not carry over to the following period.

Where a Premium user reaches the monthly allowance within a billing cycle, continued use of the AI capabilities is available through the purchase of credits, in packs offered through Paddle (Section 8.2). The following conditions apply to credits:

• Credits are drawn upon only after the monthly allowance for the current cycle has been exhausted; the allowance is always consumed first.
• Credits do not expire and remain available across billing cycles for as long as the account is active.
• Credit pack purchases are refundable within 14 days of the transaction date, as set out in Section 8.5. Outside that window, credits are non-refundable, including upon cancellation, non-renewal, or termination of the subscription, save where a refund is required by mandatory applicable law.
• Credits have no monetary value outside the Service, are not transferable, and cannot be exchanged for cash.

The features of the Service that do not rely on this paid processing — including lexical and semantic search, navigation, access to judgment PDFs, saved judgments, and research history — remain fully available regardless of the state of the monthly allowance or the credit balance. The word "unlimited", wherever used in relation to the Premium plan, refers to the absence of a fixed numerical cap on the number of operations and is always to be read together with the monthly allowance described in this Section; the Operator does not represent the allowance as an unlimited quantity of processing.

8.4 Plan changes (upgrades and downgrades)

General. You may change your subscription tier or billing cycle at any time from the subscription page within the Service. For the purposes of this Section, a change is an upgrade where it moves the subscription to a higher tier (in the order Standard → Professional → Premium) or from monthly to annual billing of the same tier, and a downgrade where it moves the subscription to a lower tier or from annual to monthly billing. The treatment of the specific change you request — including any amount charged and the date on which the change takes effect — is displayed before you confirm it.

Upgrades. Upgrades take effect immediately. At the moment of the change, Paddle charges a prorated amount corresponding to the price of the new plan for the remainder of the current billing cycle, less a credit for the unused portion of the price already paid for the current plan; the exact amount is displayed before you confirm. The change is applied only once the payment succeeds: if the payment fails, no change is made and the current plan continues unaffected. The features of the new plan are available from the moment the change is applied.

Downgrades. Downgrades take effect from the next billing cycle. Your current plan remains fully in force until the end of the billing period already paid; from the following renewal, the subscription is billed at the price of the new plan. No refund or credit is issued for any portion of the current period. A scheduled downgrade may be reverted at any time before it takes effect, from the subscription management page, in which case the current plan simply continues.

Downgrades following an upgrade. Following an upgrade, a downgrade may be scheduled from the first renewal of the subscription after the upgrade; the prorated cycle in which the upgrade takes place counts as the first billed cycle of the new plan. The date from which a downgrade becomes available is displayed within the Service. This rule prevents the immediate-proration mechanism from being used to obtain transient access to the features of a higher tier.

Annual billing. Annual subscriptions are billed in advance for the full annual period, and their discounted price reflects that commitment. Accordingly, any change from annual to monthly billing — including a change to a higher tier billed monthly — takes effect at the end of the current annual period, with no prorated refund or credit of the annual price; until that date, the annual plan remains fully in force. A change to a higher tier that retains annual billing is an upgrade and proceeds immediately under this Section.

Premium credits. Where a downgrade is made from the Premium plan, any purchased credit balance (Section 8.3) remains attached to the account and does not expire, but is usable only on plans that include the credit mechanism; it becomes available again if the account returns to such a plan. Credits are refundable only as set out in Sections 8.3 and 8.5.

One scheduled change at a time. The Service maintains at most one scheduled change per subscription: while a cancellation or a downgrade is pending, no further plan change may be scheduled until the pending change is reverted or takes effect.

8.5 Renewal, cancellation, pricing changes, and refunds

Subscriptions renew automatically at the end of each billing cycle. You may cancel at any time from the subscription management page within the Service or directly from the receipt link sent by Paddle; cancellation takes effect at the end of the current paid period, and access to paid features continues until that date. A scheduled cancellation may be reversed ("resumed") at any time before it takes effect, from the same page, in which case the subscription continues to renew normally.

Refunds are handled by Paddle, the Merchant of Record, in accordance with Paddle's Refund Policy. You may request a refund within 14 days of the transaction date, either through the link in your Paddle receipt email or by writing to support@admintribunals.com; eligible refunds are processed to the original payment method. Nothing in this Section limits any non-waivable statutory rights you may have under the consumer protection law of your country of habitual residence.

The Operator reserves the right to modify pricing, plan quotas, and the scope of the Premium monthly allowance with at least 30 days' notice to existing subscribers, communicated by email; such changes take effect from the next billing cycle following the notice period. Continued use of the Service after a change takes effect constitutes acceptance of it; if you do not accept a change, you may cancel before it takes effect. The Operator may terminate or suspend a subscription for breach of these Terms, in which case any unused prepaid subscription period will be refunded on a pro-rata basis through Paddle (credits excepted, per Section 8.3).

8.6 Trials

The Operator may, at its discretion, grant time-limited trial access to the Service. Trial accounts are subject to the same Terms as paid subscriptions, except that no payment is due during the trial period and usage may be subject to specific quotas displayed at the time of activation. Access automatically expires at the end of the trial period unless the user converts to a paid subscription. The Operator reserves the right to modify or terminate trial programmes at any time without prior notice.

9. Data Use for Service Improvement

In addition to processing necessary for the performance of the contract (as described in the Privacy Policy), the Operator processes the following data on the basis of legitimate interest (Art. 6(1)(f) GDPR) for the purpose of improving the Service, detecting misuse, and developing new features:

• Aggregated and pseudonymized query patterns — to analyze which tribunals, topics, and query types are most used, for the purpose of prioritizing development and improving search relevance.
• Usage statistics — feature usage frequency, response times, and error rates, to monitor performance and user experience.
• Internal quality review — a sample of AI-generated responses may be reviewed by the Operator in pseudonymized form where feasible, or otherwise processed with strict minimization safeguards, to assess accuracy and relevance. This review is for internal quality assurance only and does not involve disclosure to third parties. Query content reviewed for quality purposes is retained for a maximum of 12 months from the date of the query, after which it is permanently deleted or irreversibly aggregated.

9.1 Balancing assessment

The Operator has assessed that its legitimate interest in service improvement is not overridden by users' interests or fundamental rights, on the following basis: (a) processing is limited to pseudonymized or aggregated data; (b) it does not affect material decisions or produce legal effects for users; (c) users have a genuine and exercisable right to object; and (d) the processing is reasonably expected by users of a professional AI-assisted legal research service.

9.2 Exclusion of external training use

User query data transmitted to the Anthropic API is processed under Anthropic's API usage policy, which by default excludes the use of API inputs to train Anthropic's models. The Operator does not independently use user query content to train, fine-tune, or improve any AI model operated by a third party.

9.3 Right to object

You may object to processing based on legitimate interest at any time by sending a written request to support@admintribunals.com with the subject line "Objection to legitimate interest processing". The Operator will cease processing your data for these purposes within 30 days of receiving your request, unless compelling legitimate grounds exist that override your interests. Objection to this processing does not affect your ability to continue using the Service.

10. Availability, Suspension, and Modifications

The Operator will endeavour to maintain the Service in continuous operation but does not guarantee uninterrupted availability. Scheduled maintenance, infrastructure outages, or force majeure events may cause temporary unavailability. The Operator is not liable for any loss resulting from Service downtime.

The Operator reserves the right to suspend or terminate access to the Service, with immediate effect and without prior notice, in the following circumstances: (a) actual or reasonably suspected breach of these Terms; (b) conduct that poses a security risk to the Service or to other users; (c) requirement to comply with a legal obligation or order of a competent authority; or (d) non-payment of subscription fees following a grace period of 7 days. Where suspension is precautionary pending investigation, the Operator will notify the user by email as soon as reasonably practicable.

The provisions of Section 6.2 (Reasonable Use of AI Capabilities) apply additionally and independently of this Section 10 in respect of conduct identified as unreasonable use of the AI capabilities of the Service, including the Operator's right to decline to renew monthly subscriptions and to terminate annual subscriptions for unreasonable use following the procedure set out in that Section.

The Operator reserves the right to modify or discontinue any feature of the Service at any time. In the event of permanent discontinuation of the Service, registered users will be given at least 30 days' notice by email.

11. No Warranties

The Service is provided "as is" and "as available", without warranty of any kind, express or implied. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the Operator expressly disclaims all warranties, including but not limited to:

• warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement;
• warranties that the Service will meet your specific professional or research requirements;
• warranties as to the accuracy, completeness, currency, or reliability of any search result, AI-generated analysis, judgment text, or other content accessible through the Service;
• warranties that the database contains all judgments issued by the covered tribunals or that its coverage is free from omissions or errors.

Use of the Service for any purpose that requires complete, authoritative, or exhaustive coverage of tribunal jurisprudence — including proceedings before courts, tribunals, or regulatory bodies — is at the user's sole risk. The Operator strongly recommends independent verification against official tribunal sources in all such contexts.

12. Limitation of Liability

To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the Operator's aggregate liability to any user arising out of or in connection with the use of the Service shall not exceed the total subscription and credit fees paid by that user in the twelve months preceding the event giving rise to the claim.

The Operator is not liable for: (a) any indirect, incidental, or consequential loss; (b) any professional, financial, or reputational damage arising from reliance on AI-generated content or search results; (c) loss of data attributable to the user; or (d) acts or omissions of third-party providers including Anthropic, Paddle, Resend, Google, and LinkedIn.

Nothing in these Terms limits liability for death, personal injury, or fraud caused by the Operator's gross negligence or wilful misconduct.

13. Governing Law and Jurisdiction

These Terms are governed by Italian law. Any dispute arising out of or in connection with the Service that cannot be resolved amicably shall be submitted to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Courts of Trieste, Italy, except where mandatory consumer protection rules of your country of habitual residence confer jurisdiction on your local courts.

14. Changes to These Terms

The Operator may update these Terms from time to time. Material changes will be communicated to registered users by email at least 14 days before taking effect. The current version and its effective date are indicated at the top of this page. Continued use of the Service after the effective date constitutes acceptance of the updated Terms.

15. Contact